
The Trial of Socrates is I. F. Stone’s investigative reconstruction of how a famously free society put its most famous philosopher to death. Working like a reporter, Stone compares the surviving portraits of Socrates—Plato’s loving drama, Xenophon’s memoir, Aristophanes’ comedy, and Aristotle’s cooler assessments—then asks what the defense accounts omit: the Athenian side.
Stone argues the clash was not just “philosophy vs. ignorance.” It was political and civic: Socrates’ distrust of democracy, his admiration for rule by “the one who knows,” his contempt for popular rhetoric, and the shadow cast by his associates Critias and Alcibiades in the city’s recent traumas. The book tracks the philosophical disputes (virtue, knowledge, definition) and ties them to the instability of Athens after coups and civil violence—showing why the trial erupted late, when Socrates was seventy.