
The Old Way is Elizabeth Marshall Thomas’s deeply observed account of the Ju/wa Bushmen (Ju/’hoansi) of Namibia’s Nyae Nyae region—people whose hunter-gatherer life preserved patterns that shaped human evolution. Drawing from her family’s expeditions beginning in 1950, Thomas reconstructs how the Old Way worked: how water determined territory, how roots and meat structured survival, how poison arrows and tracking made hunting possible, and how community rules like sharing and gift exchange kept violence in check.
The book also traces a painful transformation. As Tsumkwe becomes a government hub, hunting is restricted, alcohol and wage labor reshape society, and poverty and violence rise. Thomas argues that what truly defines the Ju/wa is not “primitive technology” but a social culture built on relationships, dignity, and mutual obligation—one the modern world repeatedly misunderstands while claiming to preserve it.