Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor audiobook cover - At Argonne National Laboratory, a small team proved a bold idea: a sodium-cooled fast reactor with metal fuel and on-site recycling could be safer, cleaner, and vastly more fuel-efficient—until politics shut it down just as the finish line came into view.

Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor

At Argonne National Laboratory, a small team proved a bold idea: a sodium-cooled fast reactor with metal fuel and on-site recycling could be safer, cleaner, and vastly more fuel-efficient—until politics shut it down just as the finish line came into view.

Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang

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Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor Summary & Overview

Plentiful Energy is a technical-and-historical account of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR), a nuclear power system developed at Argonne National Laboratory between 1984 and 1994. Charles Till and Yoon Il Chang—two leaders of the program—reconstruct how decades of earlier fast reactor work (EBR-I and EBR-II) converged into a “whole system” concept: a sodium-cooled fast reactor, metal fuel, pyroprocessing-based recycling, and durable waste forms, all designed to work together on a single site.

The book aims at non-specialists who can tolerate light technical detail. It walks through the engineering choices (fuel, coolant, reactor configuration), the safety logic behind “inherent/passive safety,” the electrorefining chemistry that enables recycling without producing pure plutonium, and the implications for waste longevity and energy security. It also documents the political rise and abrupt cancellation of the IFR program in 1994, arguing that a near-complete technology was halted primarily by policy, not technical failure.

Who Should Listen to Plentiful Energy: The Story of the Integral Fast Reactor?

  • Engineers and scientifically literate readers who want an accessible explanation of fast reactors, metal fuel behavior, and pyroprocessing.
  • Energy and climate policy readers curious why a major U.S. advanced nuclear program was canceled despite successful demonstrations.
  • Anyone interested in nuclear waste, proliferation debates, and how fuel-cycle design changes the “waste problem.”

About the Author: Charles E. Till and Yoon Il Chang

Charles E. Till (Ph.D., Imperial College London) led Argonne’s reactor R&D as Associate Laboratory Director and originated the IFR initiative. Yoon Il Chang (Ph.D., University of Michigan) joined Argonne in 1974 and served as IFR General Manager through its development decade, later becoming Associate Laboratory Director for Engineering Research. Both were central figures in the EBR-II/IFR program and wrote from first-hand experience.

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