Deep Thinking audiobook cover - Where Artificial Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins

Deep Thinking

Where Artificial Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins

Garry Kasparov

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CreativityTechnology & the Future

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Deep Thinking
Chess Culture & Perception+
Evolution of Computer Chess+
Automation & Human Labor+
The Future of AI+
Human vs. Machine Psychology+
Data & Machine Learning+
Kasparov's Defeats+
Foul Play & Intervention+

Quiz — Test Your Understanding

Question 1 of 8
How does the cultural perception of chess in Russia historically differ from its reputation in the West?
  • A. In Russia, it is revered and treated like a popular sport, whereas the West often stereotypes it as a game for eccentric oddballs.
  • B. Russia views chess as a purely academic pursuit for scientists, while the West sees it as a highly lucrative professional sport.
  • C. The Soviet Union banned chess for its aristocratic roots, unlike the West which embraced it early on in school programs.
  • D. Russian culture views chess as a psychological tool for military training, while Western culture treats it strictly as a casual pastime.
Question 2 of 8
What was the primary function of the 'alpha-beta' algorithm developed in the 1970s?
  • A. It allowed computers to intuitively guess an opponent's psychological weaknesses.
  • B. It enabled computers to automatically reject less effective moves, significantly speeding up their calculation process.
  • C. It programmed computers to always prioritize protecting the queen over other pieces.
  • D. It allowed early chess computers to store entire databases of historical grandmaster matches.
Question 3 of 8
What is Garry Kasparov's perspective on computers and artificial intelligence replacing human jobs?
  • A. He believes it will lead to a dystopian future where humans are entirely dependent on machines for survival.
  • B. He argues that strict government regulations must be implemented to protect the service industry from automation.
  • C. He views it as a historical continuation of technological progress that ultimately improves quality of life, requiring humans to adapt to new roles.
  • D. He thinks it is a temporary trend and that society will eventually return to manual manufacturing once AI reaches its limits.
Question 4 of 8
According to the text, what represents the next major evolutionary step for artificial intelligence beyond current devices like Google Assistant or Alexa?
  • A. The ability to perfectly mimic human emotions and psychological responses during interactions.
  • B. The capacity to formulate their own important questions directly from harvested data, rather than relying on human-coded prompts.
  • C. The power to calculate an infinite number of chess moves simultaneously without ever crashing.
  • D. The ability to physically interact with the world through advanced robotics like Artie.
Question 5 of 8
How did the German chess player Emanuel Lasker's approach to chess highlight the difference between human and computer players?
  • A. Lasker relied entirely on brute mathematical calculation, a method computers eventually perfected.
  • B. Lasker proved that playing as quickly as possible was the only way to overwhelm a computer's processing speed.
  • C. Lasker prioritized making moves that made his opponent psychologically uncomfortable, a tactic irrelevant to emotionless computers.
  • D. Lasker memorized millions of historical game moves, demonstrating the human equivalent of machine learning.
Question 6 of 8
What critical flaw was revealed when Donald Michie and other researchers fed a computer millions of grandmaster chess moves in the 1980s?
  • A. The computer became overwhelmed by the data and frequently crashed during tournaments.
  • B. The computer would mimic grandmaster moves without understanding the underlying context, leading to baffling errors like pointless queen sacrifices.
  • C. The computer developed a predictable playing style that was easily exploited by novice human players.
  • D. The computer refused to make any moves that weren't explicitly found in its historical database, resulting in stalemates.
Question 7 of 8
What was the primary reason IBM's Deep Blue was able to defeat Garry Kasparov in their 1997 rematch?
  • A. Deep Blue learned to adapt to Kasparov's psychological state and exploited his fear of losing.
  • B. Deep Blue was programmed with completely novel chess strategies that no human had ever seen before.
  • C. Deep Blue could calculate so many possible options for each move that Kasparov simply could not keep up with its processing power.
  • D. Deep Blue utilized a new 'alpha-beta' algorithm that Kasparov was entirely unfamiliar with.
Question 8 of 8
In the context of modern human-versus-computer chess matches, what is considered a potential avenue for 'foul play' or unfair advantage?
  • A. Technicians secretly feeding the computer real-time psychological profiles of the human opponent.
  • B. Programmers writing specific code to distract the human player with flashing lights or noises.
  • C. Technicians intervening to restart a crashed computer, which erases its memory tables and alters its subsequent decisions.
  • D. Human players using hypnotic techniques to disrupt the technicians monitoring the computer.

Deep Thinking — Full Chapter Overview

Deep Thinking Summary & Overview

Deep Thinking (2017) looks at the relationship between human intelligence, chess, and artificial intelligence. Chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov gives readers a look into his favorite game and explains how computers have already surpassed human intelligence, at least when it comes to playing chess.

Who Should Listen to Deep Thinking?

  • Chess players
  • Computer enthusiasts
  • Workers worried about the rise of the machines

About the Author: Garry Kasparov

Garry Kasparov dominated the world of competitive chess for many years after winning his first World Chess Championship in 1985. He is considered to be one of the greatest ever players of the game. He is also a human rights activist and a popular public speaker. As an author, he has contributed to publications such as the Wall Street Journal. His other books include How Life Imitates Chess, and Winter is Coming.

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