Milton Friedman audiobook cover - The Last Conservative

Milton Friedman

The Last Conservative

Jennifer Burns

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Milton Friedman
Early Life & Education+
Early Career & Conflicts+
Building the Chicago School+
Core Economic Theories+
Global Legacy+

Quiz — Test Your Understanding

Question 1 of 6
What was the primary focus of the University of Chicago's economics department when Milton Friedman first arrived for graduate studies in 1932?
  • A. Detailed economic planning and government intervention
  • B. Keynesian deficit spending and fiscal policy
  • C. "Price theory" and the mathematical analysis of supply, demand, and market equilibrium
  • D. Institutionalism and historical economic analysis
Question 2 of 6
Why did Friedman's doctoral research cause years of dispute with his superiors at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)?
  • A. He argued that the Federal Reserve was solely responsible for the Great Depression.
  • B. He accused the American Medical Association of artificially restricting the supply of doctors to raise incomes.
  • C. He proposed replacing all welfare programs with a negative income tax.
  • D. He heavily criticized the New Deal's deficit spending as mathematically unsound.
Question 3 of 6
Upon returning to the University of Chicago, Friedman helped nurture new intellectual movements. Which of the following was a key focus of these movements?
  • A. Using price theory to systematically critique antitrust regulations and explain regulatory capture
  • B. Developing Keynesian demand management strategies to prevent market failures
  • C. Expanding the influence of the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics
  • D. Promoting institutionalism as the primary method for addressing social inequalities
Question 4 of 6
As Friedman developed his unique vision of liberalism, what core value did he prioritize to differentiate his philosophy from both New Deal liberals and right-wing reactionaries?
  • A. Equality
  • B. Tradition
  • C. Freedom
  • D. Security
Question 5 of 6
In their 1963 study "A Monetary History of the United States," what did Friedman and Anna Schwartz conclude was the primary cause of the Great Depression's severity?
  • A. The inherent instability of private investment and unregulated markets
  • B. Poor policy decisions and mismanagement by the Federal Reserve
  • C. A lack of sufficient federal deficit spending during the early 1930s
  • D. The artificial restriction of labor and goods by monopolies
Question 6 of 6
How were Friedman's monetarist theories practically applied by the US government to combat stagflation in the late 1970s and early 1980s?
  • A. Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker targeted the money supply instead of interest rates.
  • B. The Reagan administration replaced bureaucratic welfare agencies with a universal basic income.
  • C. The US Treasury adopted his wartime "sequential analysis" to regulate the banking sector.
  • D. The government implemented strict price controls to artificially lower the inflation rate.

Milton Friedman — Full Chapter Overview

Milton Friedman Summary & Overview

Milton Friedman (2023) provides a nuanced biography of the influential free-market economist. Tracing Friedman's groundbreaking work across diverse policy areas, it explores his instrumental role in the rise of modern American conservatism and free market ideology. 

Who Should Listen to Milton Friedman?

  • Those looking to understand the roots of modern neoliberalism
  • Students of public policy and political history
  • Anyone interested in impactful, paradigm-shifting thinkers

About the Author: Jennifer Burns

Jennifer Burns is an associate professor of history at Stanford University and the author of Goddess of the Market. She has also written for major publications, including the New York Times and the Financial Times, and appeared on popular television programs like The Daily Show and The Colbert Report.

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