Shutdown audiobook cover - How Covid Shook the World's Economy

Shutdown

How Covid Shook the World's Economy

Adam Tooze

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Mind Map

Shutdown
The 'Gray Rhino' Threat+
Divergent Global Responses+
Economic Shock and Rescue+
Emerging Markets in Crisis+
Social Strife and the Future+

Quiz — Test Your Understanding

Question 1 of 8
What does the author mean by describing COVID-19 as a 'gray rhino'?
  • A. It was a completely unpredictable and unprecedented event that shocked the scientific community.
  • B. It was a massive, identifiable threat that public health experts knew was heading right at humanity.
  • C. It was a slow-moving crisis that primarily affected developing nations rather than the global economy.
  • D. It was an economic disaster that had severe financial implications but minimal physical health effects.
Question 2 of 8
How did the initial shutdown occur in the United States compared to China's government-imposed lockdown?
  • A. The US federal government imposed a strict, nationwide lockdown enforced by the military.
  • B. The US relied entirely on the World Health Organization to dictate and enforce closure policies.
  • C. The US experienced a 'shutdown from within,' driven by individual states, municipalities, businesses, and workers.
  • D. The US completely avoided shutting down by immediately distributing emergency therapeutics.
Question 3 of 8
What prevailing economic orthodoxy in Washington, D.C. was broken by the US government's massive intervention, such as the Federal Reserve buying trillions in treasuries and the passage of the CARES Act?
  • A. Keynesianism
  • B. Neoliberalism
  • C. Mercantilism
  • D. Protectionism
Question 4 of 8
How did the European Union's economic response to the COVID-19 pandemic differ from its response to the 2008 recession?
  • A. The EU enforced strict austerity measures and spending restrictions on member states.
  • B. The EU forced member states to leave the Eurozone if their debt exceeded their GDP.
  • C. The EU avoided austerity, lifted spending restrictions, and approved massive relief packages.
  • D. The EU refused to allow the European Central Bank to buy up member states' debt.
Question 5 of 8
How did many emerging markets in the Global South manage to survive the economic shock of the pandemic despite a lack of massive international aid?
  • A. By relying on stress-tested methods like minimizing foreign currency borrowing and avoiding fixed exchange rates.
  • B. By successfully lobbying the IMF to triple its loans and aid packages to poor countries.
  • C. By immediately transitioning to cryptocurrency to bypass the traditional global banking system.
  • D. By completely shutting down all international trade until the virus was eradicated.
Question 6 of 8
What combination of events caused the price of oil to drop 65 percent in a single 24-hour period in March 2020?
  • A. A sudden increase in green energy production combined with a mild winter in Europe.
  • B. China's lockdown slashing demand combined with a price war between Russia and Saudi Arabia.
  • C. The US halting all domestic oil production and closing its borders to European trade.
  • D. The World Health Organization banning international air travel and maritime shipping.
Question 7 of 8
Why did the US stock market surge even during the political instability of the January 6, 2021 Capitol riot?
  • A. Investors believed the rioters would successfully install a pro-business government.
  • B. The markets knew the US government remained committed to fiscal policies that would stabilize the economy.
  • C. Foreign investors bought heavily into the US market to take advantage of plummeting currency prices.
  • D. The Federal Reserve had legally prohibited the selling of stocks during times of national emergency.
Question 8 of 8
How did China's decisive response to the initial COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan affect the Chinese Communist Party?
  • A. It severely weakened the regime's legitimacy due to the historic labor market decline.
  • B. It forced the party to adopt Western democratic policies to secure foreign medical aid.
  • C. It solidified the regime's legitimacy by effectively suppressing the virus and facilitating strong economic recovery.
  • D. It resulted in a permanent loss of manufacturing dominance to the United States and Europe.

Shutdown — Full Chapter Overview

Shutdown Summary & Overview

Shutdown (2021) explores the unprecedented shock COVID-19 dealt the world economy. The story begins with the revelation of the disease in January 2020 by Chinese President Xi Jinping and ends precisely a year later with the inauguration of US President Joe Biden, and through this history, Shutdown shows how markets and governments reeled from the blow, how they regained their footing, and what we might learn for the next worldwide crisis. 

Who Should Listen to Shutdown?

  • News junkies and history buffs alike
  • Those who know that economic policy matters
  • Anyone seeking perspective on our tumultuous times

About the Author: Adam Tooze

Alan Tooze is a professor of economic history at Columbia University and the author of numerous award-winning books, including The Wages of Destruction, a history of the Nazi economy, Deluge, which traces the fallout of the First World War, and Crashed, an autopsy of the Great Recession. 

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