Command and Control audiobook cover - Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety

Command and Control

Nuclear Weapons, the Damascus Accident, and the Illusion of Safety

Eric Schlosser

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Command and Control
Dawn of the Nuclear Age+
Cold War Arms Race+
Command Systems & Flaws+
Accidents & Vulnerabilities+
The Damascus Incident (1980)+
The Brink of War & De-escalation+
Core Thesis & Modern Threats+

Quiz — Test Your Understanding

Question 1 of 10
What was the purpose of the 'X-Unit' developed by scientist Donald Horning for the first nuclear bomb test?
  • A. To measure the radioactive fallout immediately after detonation.
  • B. To simultaneously trigger all explosives in the bomb to successfully implode the core.
  • C. To safely separate the nuclear core from the explosives during transport.
  • D. To detect changes in altitude and arm the bomb only after it was dropped from a plane.
Question 2 of 10
Following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, how was the oversight of America's nuclear program restructured under the Atomic Energy Act of 1946?
  • A. It was placed entirely under the unquestioned authority of the US Air Force.
  • B. It was handed over to an international regulatory coalition led by the United Nations.
  • C. It was given civilian oversight through a committee of politicians, with military officials acting as advisors.
  • D. It was managed jointly by a coalition of British, US, and Canadian physicists.
Question 3 of 10
In 1949, how did the United States decide to strategize against a potential Soviet invasion of Europe?
  • A. By adopting an 'atomic blitz' strategy that relied heavily on nuclear weapons and minimal ground forces.
  • B. By deploying a massive increase in conventional ground forces across Eastern Europe.
  • C. By proposing a total nuclear disarmament treaty to the United Nations.
  • D. By establishing a naval blockade around all Soviet-aligned countries.
Question 4 of 10
Why were many in the US government and military initially opposed to building more safety features, such as 'one-point safety,' into nuclear bombs?
  • A. They believed the additional safety mechanisms would make the bombs too heavy for B-52 bombers to carry.
  • B. They thought the Soviet Union would view the safety upgrades as a sign of technological weakness.
  • C. They argued that the existing safety checklists used by the military were already completely foolproof.
  • D. They feared the features would increase the likelihood of the bombs failing to detonate when needed, and retrofitting was deemed too costly.
Question 5 of 10
What was a deeply disturbing characteristic of the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) developed in the late 1950s?
  • A. It relied entirely on manual calculations by low-ranking officers, making it highly prone to mathematical errors.
  • B. It called for massive overkill to ensure complete annihilation of the enemy, and once initiated, the plan could not be stopped.
  • C. It automatically launched missiles whenever a Soviet satellite passed over US airspace.
  • D. It required the unanimous approval of all NATO member states before a single weapon could be fired.
Question 6 of 10
What was the initial cause of the devastating 1980 accident at the Titan II missile silo in Damascus, Arkansas?
  • A. A computer glitch in the NORAD early-warning system that initiated a launch sequence.
  • B. A technician accidentally dropping a metal socket that fell and punctured the rocket's fuel tank.
  • C. A failure in the silo's ventilation system that caused the underground control room to overheat.
  • D. A short circuit caused by an electrical fire near the warhead's detonator.
Question 7 of 10
During the Damascus missile silo incident, what ultimate action sparked the explosion of the Titan II missile?
  • A. Ordering technicians to enter the silo using the main access door instead of the escape hatch.
  • B. Using a portable vapor reader that short-circuited in the toxic air.
  • C. Following an order to turn on the ventilation fan to clear the vapor from the silo.
  • D. Attempting to extract the W-53 warhead using heavy machinery.
Question 8 of 10
Why did the 1983 NATO drill known as Able Archer 83 bring the world perilously close to nuclear war?
  • A. A live nuclear weapon was accidentally loaded onto a bomber during the simulation.
  • B. The drill caused a mid-air collision between a US B-52 and a Soviet fighter jet.
  • C. The KGB intercepted communications from the drill and believed it was a real, preemptive nuclear strike.
  • D. The drill's computer network malfunctioned, falsely warning the US of incoming Soviet missiles.
Question 9 of 10
What unexpected event significantly influenced President Ronald Reagan to declare that a 'nuclear war cannot be won and must not be fought'?
  • A. A personal meeting with a survivor of the Hiroshima bombing.
  • B. Watching 'The Day After', a made-for-TV movie depicting the realistic aftermath of a nuclear war.
  • C. A near-fatal accident involving a nuclear weapon on his presidential aircraft.
  • D. Reading a classified report by scientist Robert Peurifoy on the vulnerability of the US arsenal.
Question 10 of 10
According to the book's overall message, what is the fundamental flaw in trying to safely control nuclear weapons?
  • A. Rogue states refuse to sign international safety treaties, rendering global security impossible.
  • B. The physical materials used to build the weapons are fundamentally unstable and degrade too quickly.
  • C. Strict bureaucratic checklists and procedures cannot eliminate the inevitability of human mistakes and computer malfunctions.
  • D. The military does not have enough funding to properly train its security personnel in modern protocols.

Command and Control — Full Chapter Overview

Command and Control Summary & Overview

Command and Control (2013) uncovers the disturbing truth behind the troubled and accident-prone US nuclear weapons program. Find out what’s really been going on since World War II, when the first nuclear bomb was invented, and how lucky we are to still be here despite numerous accidents and close calls that could have kicked off Armageddon. If you think the stockpile of nuclear weapons in the United States has always been safely stored under lock and key – think again!

Who Should Listen to Command and Control?

  • Readers interested in nuclear threats past and present
  • History buffs
  • Anti-nuke advocates

About the Author: Eric Schlosser

Eric Schlosser, an investigative journalist, is the best-selling author of Fast Food Nation. His work has also appeared in the New Yorker, Vanity Fair and the Atlantic, among other publications.

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